Using Emotion Diversification Based on Movie Reviews to Improve the User Experience of Movie Recommender Systems (TIIS)Lansman 等人提出基于电影评论的情绪多样化方法，通过分析用户影评中的情绪分布来改进电影推荐系统的用户体验。2026LLLior Lansman et al.Recommender System UXEmotion Recognition & DetectionIUI
Leveraging Affordances as a Lens: A Systematic Review of Social Media Benefits and Risks for AdolescentsAlthough social media use is ubiquitous among adolescents, research often emphasizes benefits and risks without considering the design-based affordances that may influence these experiences. Affordances enable or constrain user behavior and thus provide a valuable lens for promoting positive online engagement. To this end, we developed an affordance-centered framework and systematically coded 66 empirical studies on U.S. adolescents published in the past decade to map how platform features relate to specific user activities, the affordances they instantiate, and associated benefits and risks. For instance, Discoverability affordance, driven by algorithmic recommendations, supported Cognitive engagement by facilitating learning while heightening exposure to misinformation. Visibility affordance enabled Identity exploration through ephemeral sharing, lowering performance anxiety but raising post-disclosure regret when content reached hostile viewers. By clarifying how specific affordances facilitate adolescent experiences, our work contributes a design-grounded framework for future research that advances both theoretical understanding and the development of youth-centered interventions.2026AAAbdulmalik Alluhidan et al.Vanderbilt UniversitySocial Platform Design & User BehaviorYouth Online Safety & PrivacyParticipatory DesignCHI
A Potential Teammate?: Understanding How Indie Game Developers Approach Generative AI’s Involvement in Their Small-Scale Creative TeamworkThis paper investigates how indie game developers in resource-constrained, creativity centric small teams approach the potential of generative AI as a teammate in their collaborative workflows. Through 15 interviews with indie developers, our findings suggest that developers believe current AI systems still lack key elements of independence and interdependence that define a teammate in small indie teams. At the same time, they envision other constructive and desirable ways in which future AI could meaningfully support their teamwork, which highlight that AI should complement rather than directly participate in or imitate human creativity and collaborative dynamics. This work extends prior HCI research on human-AI teaming and collaborative creativity by shifting attention toward more socially nuanced and spontaneous creative teams beyond instrumental teams or individual creators. We also propose two new directions to rethink more nuanced ways to design future generative AI to better support indie game developers and other small creative teams alike.2026RPRuchi Panchanadikar et al.Clemson UniversityGenerative AI (Text, Image, Music, Video)Creative Collaboration & Feedback SystemsGame UX & Player BehaviorCHI
Crafting Remembrance Beyond the Self: Older Adults’ Digital and Material LegaciesArtifacts encode memories and shape how one is remembered after death. Older adults, given their life stage, are often engaged in intentional end-of-life planning, making their perspectives on curation for remembrance post-mortem valuable. While HCI has examined older adults' curation of memory artifacts (e.g., to support well-being), little is known about their curation preferences with the intent of shaping how one is remembered after death. Drawing on interviews with older adults, our work provides insights into how individuals think about remembrance after death, including who is remembered (subject) and who remembers (audience), and how physical, temporal, or relational traces captured in artifacts mediate remembrance. These findings offer design implications for legacy crafting systems to support remembrance that transcends the self, account for the intentional legacy crafting work for distinct audiences, and support hybrid artifacts that allow memories to move across physical and digital spaces.2026RTRamprabu Thangaraj et al.New Jersey Institute of TechnologyDigital Legacy & Online MemorialsGrief Support TechnologyEthics of AI & Digital Reconstruction of the DeceasedCHI
From "Fail Fast" to "Mature Safely:" Expert Perspectives as Secondary Stakeholders on Teen-Centered Social Media Risk DetectionIn addressing various risks on social media, the HCI community has advocated for teen-centered risk detection technologies over platform-based, parent-centered features. However, their real-world viability remains underexplored by secondary stakeholders beyond the family unit. Therefore, we present an evaluation of a teen-centered social media risk detection dashboard through online interviews with 33 online safety experts. While experts praised our dashboard's clear design for teen agency, their feedback revealed five primary tensions in implementing and sustaining such technology: objective vs. context-dependent risk definition, informing risks vs. meaningful intervention, teen empowerment vs. motivation, need for data vs. data privacy, and independence vs. sustainability. These findings motivate us to rethink "teen-centered" and a shift from a "fail fast" to a "mature safely" paradigm for youth safety technology innovation. We offer design implications for addressing these tensions before system deployment with teens and strategies for aligning secondary stakeholders' interests to deploy and sustain such technologies in the broader ecosystem of youth online safety.2026RMRenkai Ma et al.University of CincinnatiYouth Online Safety & PrivacySocial Platform Design & User BehaviorOnline Harassment & Counter-ToolsCHI
Addressing Procedural and Tooling Challenges in Juvenile Justice: Towards Responsible and Human-Centered DesignThis study examines how systemic inefficiencies in the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) constrain care for youth and burden staff. Through 15 semi-structured interviews with DJJ employees and subcontractors, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and informed by Critical Race Theory, we surface breakdowns in inter-agency coordination, case management processes, and fragmented documentation across tools, all exacerbated by workforce shortages. Participants described how these conditions contribute to misdiagnoses, unsafe placements, delayed responses, and missed opportunities to recognize youth progress, envisioning future Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to mitigate the negative impacts. We situate participants’ cautious hopes for AI within a Human-Centered Responsible AI lens and present researcher-generated design fictions as provocations that imagine advisory tools for pattern detection, trend identification, and documentation support while preserving human judgment. By centering staff experiences and systemic inequities, this work lays the groundwork for the design of future socio-technical interventions in juvenile justice.2026EGElizabeth S Gilman et al.Clemson UniversityAI-Assisted Decision-Making & AutomationAI Ethics, Fairness & AccountabilityTechnology Ethics & Critical HCICHI
Beyond a Conventional Chatbot: How AI Streamers Transcend Live Streaming Experiences from Viewers’ PerspectivesUnlike conventional social AI agents, AI streamers are multi-modal artificial intelligence systems that engage in autonomous, real-time social interactions with audiences in a dynamic and public online space. Through a qualitative thematic analysis of 1891 comments on a YouTube channel of Neuro-sama, an exemplar of popular AI streamers, we reveal that AI streamers enhance viewers’ experiences through their unique personality development, behavioral autonomy, and nuanced AI-creator relationships; yet they also raise concerns about emotional damage, problematic training data, and heightened moderation challenges in real-time streaming environments. We contribute to HCI at the unique intersection of AI for social needs and live streaming research by highlighting how AI streamers reshape live streaming practices through innovating its creative content creation, novel streamer identity practices, and rich streamer-audience interaction mechanisms. We also propose three design principles for strengthening AI streamers’ social and creative affordances while mitigating identified risks, which inform broader AI agent designs in public online social spaces.2026YHYang Hu et al.Clemson UniversityIntelligent Voice Assistants (Alexa, Siri, etc.)Live Streaming & Content CreatorsCreative Collaboration & Feedback SystemsCHI
Beyond Age-Based Restrictions: Rethinking Children's Online Safety Through Comparing Parent–Child Perspectives of Risks in User-Generated Content GamesExisting HCI literature on the benefits and risks of User-Generated Content (UGC) games for children often focuses on either parents' or child players' views. Bridging these perspectives is critical for identifying the alignment or divergence between children's and parents' concerns, which provides a more comprehensive image of challenges and opportunities children face in these games. Through a mixed-method content analysis of 2000 reviews about Roblox (one of the most popular UGC platforms) from both parents and children, we identify six key risks children face and investigate how parents’ and children’s focuses on different risks may shift across age groups. We also propose design recommendations for advancing trust and safety initiatives on UGC platforms by considering children, parents, and developers as key stakeholders. We contribute to rethinking more nuanced safety models for protecting children that are developmentally responsive and context-sensitive, rather than relying on age-based thresholds (e.g., under-13 vs. 13+).2026RPRuchi Panchanadikar et al.Clemson UniversityYouth Online Safety & PrivacyParent-Child Co-Use of MediaSocial Platform Design & User BehaviorCHI
Reconfiguring the Home: Co-Designing the Future of Adaptive Domestic EnvironmentsAs domestic environments are increasingly required to meet diverse and changing human needs within constrained spaces, physical reconfigurability offers a promising solution. We developed a full-scale, manipulable room prototype as an exploratory co-design instrument, enabling participants to bodily explore and reflect on reconfigurable living spaces. Through 12 sessions with 30 participants involving brainstorming, bodystorming, and interviews, we identified spatial design patterns and elicited perspectives on reconfigurable domestic environments. Our findings contribute a design pattern catalogue for reconfigurable spaces, alongside insights into the lived experience of reconfigurability. We also discuss design principles, three affordance-based design dimensions that capture value tensions: empowering vs. restrictive, utilitarian vs. hedonic, and futuristic vs. practical, as well as lessons from co-design with a room-scale prototype. We demonstrate agile, room-scale prototyping as a methodological approach for spatial HCI research, advancing toward human-computer habitation, where interactive systems become inhabited built environments that support human values, creativity, and autonomy.2026SGSerena Ge Guo et al.University of Wisconsin-MadisonPhysical-Digital Hybrid InteractionSmart Home Interaction DesignAging-in-Place Assistance SystemsCHI
Beyond a Neutral Tool or Teammate: Envisioning AI Interventions for Women’s Equity in Male-Dominated TeamsArtificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping team collaboration in workplaces. Meanwhile, women only represent 22% of the global AI workforce, raising questions about whose perspectives drive AI design. This dual reality makes the stakes high: without critical attention, AI may entrench existing gendered dynamics; but with deliberate design, it may open new avenues for equity. Through in-depth interviews with 30 AI professionals (22 women), our work both confirms gendered challenges in male-dominated teams and offers a novel contribution: how those who directly experience these dynamics envision AI’s role in mitigating them. These practitioner-informed design visions reveal AI's potential of offering multi-level support and empowering women to navigate these teams, and its risks of reinforcing stereotypes and surveillance. We call on the HCI community to explore this emerging design space for equitable human-AI teaming while critically attending to gendered power dynamics.2026WDWen Duan et al.Clemson UniversityAI Ethics, Fairness & AccountabilityHuman-Robot Collaboration (HRC)Gender & Race Issues in HCICHI
"Similar-Self" vs. "Alt-Self": How Avatar Customization Impacts Trust Formation in Social VR and Its Transfer to Face-to-Face between Unacquainted IndividualsThis study investigates how avatar customization in virtual reality (VR) impacts trust formation between unacquainted individuals and how such trust transfers to subsequent face-to-face (FtF) meetings. A user study with 48 participants was conducted, where participants were assigned to either a ``Similar-Self'' condition, with avatars resembling their real-world appearance, or an ``Alt-Self'' condition, with creative avatars. The results showed that ``Similar-Self'' avatars led to higher initial integrity-based trust perceptions, though both avatar conditions exhibited similar trust growth during VR encounters. Trust carried over from VR to FtF with a brief recalibration period and ultimately increased beyond VR levels in FtF encounters. This research provides insights into how VR can support the development of trust in early-stage interactions and offers implications for Social VR platforms to better support trustworthy interactions across virtual-physical boundaries.2026SWSirui Wang et al.Southern University of Science and TechnologySocial & Collaborative VRIdentity & Avatars in XREmpathy & Emotional DesignCHI
How the Internet Facilitates Adverse Childhood Experiences for Youth Who Self-Identify as in Need of ServicesYouth implicated in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems, as well as those with an incarcerated parent, are considered the most vulnerable Children in Need of Services (CHINS). We identified 1,160 of these at-risk youth (ages 13-17) who sought support via an online peer support platform to understand their adverse childhood experiences and explore how the internet played a role in providing an outlet for support, as well as potentially facilitating risks. We first analyzed posts from 1,160 youth who self-identified as CHINS while sharing about their adverse experiences. Then, we retrieved all 239,929 posts by these users to identify salient topics within their support-seeking posts: 1) Urges to self-harm due to social drama, 2) desire for social connection, 3) struggles with family, and 4) substance use and sexual risks. We found that the internet often helped facilitate these problems; for example, the desperation for social connection often led to meeting unsafe people online, causing additional trauma. Family members and other unsafe people used the internet to perpetrate cyberabuse, while CHINS themselves leveraged online channels to engage in illegal and risky behavior.} Our study calls for tailored support systems that address the unique needs of CHINS to promote safe online spaces and foster resilience to break the cycle of adversity. Empowering CHINS requires amplifying their voices and acknowledging the challenges they face as a result of their adverse childhood experiences. Content Warning: This paper discusses sensitive topics, such as physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse, as well as self-harm and other adverse life events of children, which may be triggering. Reader discretion is advised.2025OOOzioma Collins Oguine et al.Supporting YouthCSCW
"I Have Abused Someone Who Abused Me": Understanding People Who Have Experienced Both Sides of Harassment Accusations in Social VRSocial VR’s focus on embodied and immersive experiences has led to intensified and more physicalized forms of harassment than other online contexts. Therefore, a growing body of HCI and CSCW work has explored multiple strategies and mechanisms to prevent and mitigate harassment risks in social VR. However, existing works have also highlighted a fundamental challenge in mitigating harassment in social VR – the apparent lack of consensus among social VR users on how to explicitly define harassment and what behaviors should be considered harassing in social VR. In this work, we aim to offer new knowledge on the uncertainty about how harassment is defined and perceived in social VR, particularly by learning from social VR users who have experienced both sides of harassment accusations. Based on interviews with 12 participants with diverse identities who have both been harassed by others and been accused of harassing others in social VR, we unpack how people justify and reflect on their behavior given their prior experiences of both being victims of harassment and being called a harasser. We thus offer unique insights into the complexity of harassment in social VR by highlighting cases of "gray areas" and critical ethical implications in such harassment accusations, which are understudied in the existing literature. We also propose two high-level design principles for new strategies and approaches to foster safe social VR spaces based on people’s unique experiences of both sides of harassment accusations in social VR.2025GFGuo Freeman et al.Harassment & Micro-AggressionsCSCW
Giving Social Media Post Authors More Control over the Translation of their Posts Enhances their User ExperienceSeveral social networking sites offer automated machine translation of posts, but authors usually have no access to view or modify these translations. This may increase authors' concerns about whether the translations convey their intended meaning. To address this issue, we test a theory-driven model about human-in-the-loop translation using an online between-subjects experiment (N = 216). In our study, participants write fictitious social media status updates in a language other than English, which are then translated with one of three levels of automation: machine-provided translation with no author modifiability (MPT), where authors can view the machine translation but cannot modify it; author-provided translation (APT), where authors manually write the translation with no machine assistance; and machine-provided translation with author modifiability (MPT-AM), where authors can edit the machine translation of their post. We collect objective and subjective measures of users' experience using the assigned translation feature. The results from a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis demonstrate that, compared to the MPT and APT conditions, participants in the MPT-AM condition reported higher measures of perceived control, ease of use, and perceived comfort, which in turn predicted higher perceived system effectiveness and ultimately increased intention to use the MPT-AM translation feature. Follow-up interviews (n = 15) found that participants appreciate the ability to edit and/or remove translations from their posts, even if they did not always do so.2025AGAnanya Gupta et al.Diverse Uses of Social Media PlatformsCSCW
Teens as Co-Researchers: Advocating for Disruptive Change to Engage Youth Meaningfully in Online Safety Research and the Design of Social MediaAcademic research is largely an adult endeavor that creates systemic power imbalances when studying teen-centered topics, such as adolescent online safety. To rectify this problem, we engaged seven teens as co-researchers through a year-and-a-half-long Youth Advisory Board (YAB) program to critically assess our research processes, lead online safety solutions, and to reflect on their experiences participating in a YAB. Teens pushed back on standard research practices such as parental consent, sought decision-making power in study documentation, design, and execution, and gave more meaningful feedback on research protocols when more deeply involved in the research. For safety interventions, teens proposed both incremental changes for social media platforms (e.g., advanced privacy settings) and more disruptive changes (e.g., decentralized social media platforms) that enhance individual control, digital resilience, and equity. For the YAB, teens highlighted challenges, such as losing momentum over time, lack of collaborative opportunities, and competing interests, fueling frustrations and rifts in engagement. Our research underscores the value of involving teens as co-partners in shaping online safety research. Finally, we provide design implications for social media safety interventions that strengthen teens' agency and actionable guidelines for developing future long-term programs to ensure meaningful contributions to online safety research.2025NANaima Samreen Ali et al.Reflecting on MethodologyCSCW
Understanding Social VR Streamers’ Unique Challenges in Managing Cross-Reality Social Interactions Through Multi-dimensional VR InterfacesCross-reality interaction is a novel paradigm where users traverse and collaborate across virtual and physical realities. While prior research has investigated cross-reality systems through controlled experimental settings, how people navigate cross-reality interfaces in real-world contexts remains understudied. In this work, we focus on social VR streaming, an emerging practice where streamers engage in immersive VR activities while audiences view through traditional 2D interfaces. Through 17 interviews with experienced social VR streamers, we uncover their unique challenges in managing interfaces that span different realities to facilitate cross-reality interactions. We also highlight nuanced design spaces to facilitate cross-reality social engagement by addressing the difficulty to use and arrange existing 2D professional software within immersive 3D environments and the difficulty to maintain more natural and intuitive cross-reality interactions through everyday technologies rather than specialized hardware solutions. These insights advance our understandings of cross-reality interactions beyond experimental settings and can inform future interface design to better support everyday users' experiences of such interactions.2025YHYang Hu et al.Social & Collaborative VRMixed Reality WorkspacesSocial Platform Design & User BehaviorDIS
A Scoping Review of Gender Stereotypes in Artificial IntelligencePeople often apply gender stereotypes to Artificial Intelligence (AI), and AI design frequently reinforces these stereotypes, perpetuating traditional gender ideologies in state-of-the-art technology. Despite growing interests in investigating this phenomenon, there is little conceptual clarity or consistency regarding what actually constitutes a "gender stereotype" in AI. Therefore, it is critical to provide a more comprehensive image of existing understandings and ongoing discussions of gender stereotypes of AI to guide AI design that reduces the harmful effects of these stereotypes. In doing so, this paper presents a scoping review of over 20 years of research across HCI, HRI and various social science disciplines on how gender stereotypes are applied to AI. We outline the methods and contexts of this growing body of work, develop a typology to clarify these stereotypes, highlight under-explored approaches for future research, and offer guidelines to improve rigor and consistency in this field that may inform responsible AI design in the future.2025WDWen Duan et al.Clemson University, School of ComputingAI Ethics, Fairness & AccountabilityGender & Race Issues in HCITechnology Ethics & Critical HCICHI
Increased Use of Asocial Technologies Is Associated with Reduced Well-being Among Older AdultsIn this paper, we introduce the concept of asocial technologies (e.g., online purchases), which digitize activities that traditionally would have been carried out in person (e.g., in-person shopping). We argue that using asocial technologies limits users' opportunities for face-to-face interactions, which can be particularly detrimental to older adults (65+) who are more prone to social isolation and loneliness. Analyzing longitudinal survey data from the U.S. National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 1925), we identified the adverse effects of asocial technologies on older adults' well-being. Using a within-between-level analytical framework, we found that an increased use of asocial technologies in a given year is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, and lower levels of overall health experienced by older adults in the following year. This work highlights the negative consequences of asocial technology use, emphasizing the need for more systematic designs in digital innovations that target seniors.2025RAReza Ghaiumy Anaraky et al.New York University, Department of Technology Management and InnovationAging-Friendly Technology DesignUniversal & Inclusive DesignCHI
"Comforting and Small Like a House Cat, Big and Intimidating Like a Bodyguard": How Women Perceive and Envision AI Companions as a New Harassment Mitigation Approach in Social VRCompanionship is crucial for people's everyday psychological well-being. With growing concerns over harassment against women in embodied social VR spaces, we turn an eye towards AI companions as a potential new approach to protect women in social VR by better fulfilling their under-addressed harassment mitigation needs. Using 20 interviews with women social VR users, we reveal their envisionings for leveraging AI as Accessible Companions, Informational Companions, Emotional Support Companions, and Protective Companions to better protect them in social VR compared to their existing safety mechanisms and strategies. We also reflect upon various sociotechnical complexities for designing and implementing such AI companions in social VR spaces and propose three design principles to inform future efforts to create AI companions to protect women and other marginalized users in social VR. Our work contributes to ongoing discussions on nuanced harassment mitigation approaches that further support marginalized social VR users’ multidimensional needs without harming their self-agency, human relationships, and supportive networks.2025GFGuo Freeman et al.Clemson University, School of ComputingSocial & Collaborative VRHuman-LLM CollaborationOnline Harassment & Counter-ToolsCHI
Bridging the Trust Gap: Investigating the Role of Trust Transfer in the Adoption of AI Instructors for Digital Privacy EducationRecent studies have demonstrated how AI instructors can be used for digital privacy education. However, these studies also highlights the lack of trust that certain individuals–particularly older adults–have in such AI instructors as a major obstacle to their adoption. The current paper introduces "trust transfer" as a means to enhance appropriate trust in AI instructors and improve learning experiences. A between-subjects experiment (N = 217) was conducted to test the effect of a human introducing an AI instructor on users' trust and learning experiences. Our findings reveal that this trust transfer positively impacts the perceived trustworthiness of the instructor, as well as users' perception of learning and their enjoyment of the educational material, regardless of age. Based on our findings, we discuss how trust transfer can help calibrate users' trust in AI instructors, thereby fostering AI use in digital privacy education, with potential extensions to other domains.2025HAHeba Aly et al.Clemson University, School of ComputingPrivacy by Design & User ControlPrivacy Perception & Decision-MakingCHI