Exploring the Impacts and Challenges of Vibe Coding Paradigm to Children's Programming Learning and PracticesRecent advances in generative AI have introduced a new programming paradigm—vibe coding, a natural language–driven mode of AI collaboration. While promising for adults, little is known about how children engage with this approach, especially in block-based environments. To explore this gap, we conducted workshops with children of varying Scratch experience (n=41) and interviewed five Scratch teachers. Our study investigates how vibe coding impacts children’s programming learning and practice, and what challenges arise. Findings show that vibe coding has both positive and negative impacts across three key contexts of children’s programming experience: acquisition, application, and creation. Across the stages of vibe coding—goal articulation, information interpretation, and outcome evaluation—children encounter distinct challenges. By examining the mismatches between core assumptions of vibe coding and children’s needs, and analyzing its applicability across different contexts, we offer child-centered design implications for future vibe coding systems and GenAI tools.2026JSJanice Jianing SI et al.University of MacauProgramming Education & Computational ThinkingChildren's AI Literacy & Data LiteracyHuman-LLM CollaborationCHI
User Perceptions of Responsible Gambling Messages as Nudges for Gambling SafetyNudges are subtle interventions designed to influence user behavior without restricting choice. Responsible gambling messages (RGMs) exemplify such nudges by encouraging safer decision-making in gambling environments. Prior research has examined how pop-up messages influence gambling behavior in experimental settings and has explored the design of effective slogan messages. However, little is known about how different types of RGMs shape users’ real-world gambling behavior and safety. To address this gap, we apply a nudging perspective to examine how RGMs support gambling safety throughout gamblers’ decision-making journey. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 gamblers and found that participants were generally aware of RGMs, yet some misunderstood their intended purpose. Participants perceived the safety impact of RGMs as reflected in both attitudinal and behavioral dimensions. We further discuss users’ message reception practices and the effectiveness of RGMs as nudges, and conclude with design implications for promoting gambling safety.2026MGMaggie Yongqi Guan et al.University of MacauBehavior Change & Reflection TechnologyParticipatory DesignUser Research Methods (Interviews, Surveys, Observation)CHI
Perceived Impacts and Challenges of Agricultural Information on Short-Form Video Platforms as Rural InfrastructureShort-form video platforms (SVSPs) have rapidly evolved from entertainment applications to essential digital infrastructures in rural areas. As such, they are reshaping how farmers organize production and manage everyday activities. However, little is known about how this transformation impacts agricultural practices directly. To explore this, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 farmers engaged in crop, livestock, and aquaculture production. Our findings reveal that farmers perceive SVSPs as infrastructural supports across various farming stages—planning, establishment, protection, and sales—by providing timely access to market opportunities, practical knowledge, and peer networks. However, reliance on SVSPs also introduces challenges, including fragmented and unreliable content, issues of contextual relevance, and tensions between platform dynamics and farming practices. This study contributes to understanding how emerging media infrastructures, like SVSPs, reshape rural production. We also offer design recommendations for building more context-aware, resilient, and inclusive digital support systems for agriculture.2026NLNora Sinong Lu et al.University of MacauCitizen Science & Crowdsourced DataCommunity Engagement & Civic TechnologyLow-Resource Languages & Digital InclusionCHI
"Privacy across the boundary": Examining Perceived Privacy Risk Across Data Transmission and Sharing Ranges of Smart Home Personal AssistantsAs Smart Home Personal Assistants (SPAs) evolve into social agents, understanding user privacy necessitates interpersonal communication frameworks, such as Privacy Boundary Theory (PBT). To ground our investigation, our three-phase preliminary study (1) identified transmission and sharing ranges as key boundary-related risk factors, (2) categorized relevant SPA functions and data types, and (3) analyzed commercial practices, revealing widespread data sharing and non-transparent safeguards. A subsequent mixed-methods study (N=412 survey, N=40 interviews among the survey participants) assessed users' perceived privacy risks across data types, transmission ranges and sharing ranges. Results demonstrate a significant, non-linear escalation in perceived risk when data crosses two critical boundaries: the `public network' (transmission) and `third parties' (sharing). This boundary effect holds across data types and demographics. Furthermore, risk perception is modulated by data attributes, and contextual privacy calculus. Conversely, anonymization show limited efficacy especially for third-party sharing, a finding attributed to user distrust. These findings empirically ground PBT in SPA context and inform design of boundary-aware privacy protection.2026SZShuning Zhang et al.Tsinghua UniversityPrivacy by Design & User ControlSmart Home Privacy & SecurityCHI
ATRU: A Stage-based Framework for Designing Ethology-Inspired Social RobotsAnimal behavior (ethology) has emerged as a promising source of inspiration for social robot design. However, existing efforts have commonly resulted in isolated design instances. Our high-level understanding of the design processes for integrating ethological insights into social robot design and evaluation remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a two-step investigation. First, we developed a stage-based framework through a systematic review, identifying six core design stages along with their descriptive dimensions. Using this framework as an analytic lens, we then analyzed design cases drawn from academic, commercial, and public contexts, deriving stage-specific considerations and actionable strategies to support designers in navigating the process. Our findings provide a conceptual scaffold for operationalizing ethology as a design resource, enabling more systematic, reflective, and transferable practices, while also surfacing new opportunities for future social robot interaction design.2026XSXiaoqing Sun et al.Beijing Institute of TechnologySocial Robot InteractionHuman-Robot Collaboration (HRC)CHI
Understanding the Challenges Students Face in Non-English Programming Environments Due to the Programming Language Transition: A Case Study of Keywords in the Chinese Version of ScratchAs the importance of computer science (CS) education gains global recognition, the learner population is expanding to include all manner of backgrounds. However, students from non-English backgrounds face challenges in understanding instructional material, technical communication, and reading and writing code, which further impacts their learning outcomes. These issues have attracted attention in the fields of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), programming languages, and computer education, which have demonstrated that using programming tools in mother tongues or local languages enhances learners' ability to grasp computing concepts. Consequently, extensive efforts have been dedicated to translating English technical terms across various languages and even developing non-English-based programming languages.2025SWSiyu Wang et al.Wuhan University, School of Computer ScienceMultilingual & Cross-Cultural Voice InteractionProgramming Education & Computational ThinkingK-12 Digital Education ToolsCHI
LitLinker: Supporting the Ideation of Interdisciplinary Contexts with Large Language Models for Teaching Literature in Elementary SchoolsTeaching literature under interdisciplinary contexts (e.g., science, art) that connect reading materials has become popular in elementary schools. However, constructing such contexts is challenging as it requires teachers to explore substantial amounts of interdisciplinary content and link it to the reading materials. In this paper, we develop LitLinker via an iterative design process involving 13 teachers to facilitate the ideation of interdisciplinary contexts for teaching literature. Powered by a large language model (LLM), LitLinker can recommend interdisciplinary topics and contextualize them with the literary elements (e.g., paragraphs, viewpoints) in the reading materials. A within-subjects study (N=16) shows that compared to an LLM chatbot, LitLinker can improve the integration depth of different subjects and reduce workload in this ideation task. Expert interviews (N=9) also demonstrate LitLinker’s usefulness for supporting the ideation of interdisciplinary contexts for teaching literature. We conclude with concerns and design considerations for supporting interdisciplinary teaching with LLMs.2025HFHaoxiang Fan et al.Sun Yat-sen UniversityHuman-LLM CollaborationK-12 Digital Education ToolsCHI
Using Affordance to Understand Usability of Web3 Social MediaWeb3 social media refers to a new generation of platforms built on decentralized technologies, particularly blockchain. Although academia has investigated the newly emerging Web3 social media, it is not clear how users perceive the usability of such platforms and how these perceptions are influenced by the inherent characteristics of Web3. To address this gap, we utilize affordance theory to explore the unique usability of Web3 social media compared with Web2 social media. We conducted interviews with 32 participants who are experienced with Web3 social media and examined the affordances of Web3 social media from the perspectives of content creation, content consumption, and community interaction. We further discuss the correlation between the usability of Web3 social media and the underlying decentralized technology, and provide design implications for enhancing the usability of this new type of social interaction platform.2025MGMaggie Yongqi Guan et al.University of MacauAlgorithmic Transparency & AuditabilityPrivacy by Design & User ControlSocial Platform Design & User BehaviorCHI
" It Felt Like Having a Second Mind": Investigating Human-AI Co-creativity in Prewriting with Large Language ModelsPrewriting is the process of discovering and developing ideas before writing a first draft, which requires divergent thinking and often implies unstructured strategies such as diagramming, outlining, free-writing, etc. Although large language models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to be useful for a variety of tasks including creative writing, little is known about how users would collaborate with LLMs to support prewriting. The preferred collaborative role and initiative of LLMs during such a creative process is also unclear. To investigate human-LLM collaboration patterns and dynamics during prewriting, we conducted a three-session qualitative study with 15 participants in two creative tasks: story writing and slogan writing. The findings indicated that during collaborative prewriting, there appears to be a three-stage iterative Human-AI Co-creativity process that includes Ideation, Illumination, and Implementation stages. This collaborative process champions the human in a dominant role, in addition to mixed and shifting levels of initiative that exist between humans and LLMs. This research also reports on collaboration breakdowns that occur during this process, user perceptions of using existing LLMs during Human-AI Co-creativity, and discusses design implications to support this co-creativity process.2024QWQian Wan et al.Session 3a: AI in Creative Workflows: Opportunities and ChallengesCSCW
“There is a Job Prepared for Me Here”: Understanding How Short Video and Live-streaming Platforms Empower Ageing Job Seekers in ChinaIn recent years, the global unemployment rate has remained persistently high. Compounding this issue, the ageing population in China often encounters additional challenges in finding employment due to prevalent age discrimination in daily life. However, with the advent of social media, there has been a rise in the popularity of short videos and live-streams for recruiting ageing workers. To better understand the motivations of ageing job seekers to engage with these video-based recruitment methods and to explore the extent to which such platforms can empower them, we conducted an interview-based study with ageing job seekers who have had exposure to these short recruitment videos and live-streaming channels. Our findings reveal that these platforms can provide a job-seeking choice that is particularly friendly to ageing job seekers, effectively improving their disadvantaged situation.2024PWPiaoHong Wang et al.City University Of HongKongSocial Platform Design & User BehaviorImpact of Automation on WorkSmart Cities & Urban SensingCHI
Understanding User-Perceived Security Risks and Mitigation Strategies in the Web3 EcosystemThe advent of Web3 technologies promises unprecedented levels of user control and autonomy. However, this decentralization shifts the burden of security onto the users, making it crucial to understand their security behaviors and perceptions. To address this, our study introduces a comprehensive framework that identifies four core components of user interaction within the Web3 ecosystem: blockchain infrastructures, Web3-based Decentralized Applications (DApps), online communities, and off-chain cryptocurrency platforms. We delve into the security concerns perceived by users in each of these components and analyze the mitigation strategies they employ, ranging from risk assessment and aversion to diversification and acceptance. We further discuss the landscape of both technical and human-induced security risks in the Web3 ecosystem, identify the unique security differences between Web2 and Web3, and highlight key challenges that render users vulnerable, to provide implications for security design in Web3.2024JSJanice Jianing SI et al.University of MacauPrivacy by Design & User ControlPrivacy Perception & Decision-MakingIoT Device PrivacyCHI
CrowdQ: Predicting the Queue State of Hospital Emergency Department Using Crowdsensing Mobility Data-Driven Models"Hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) are essential for providing emergency medical services, yet often overwhelmed due to increasing healthcare demand. Current methods for monitoring ED queue states, such as manual monitoring, video surveillance, and front-desk registration are inefficient, invasive, and delayed to provide real-time updates. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel framework, CrowdQ, which harnesses spatiotemporal crowdsensing data for real-time ED demand sensing, queue state modeling, and prediction. By utilizing vehicle trajectory and urban geographic environment data, CrowdQ can accurately estimate emergency visits from noisy traffic flows. Furthermore, it employs queueing theory to model the complex emergency service process with medical service data, effectively considering spatiotemporal dependencies and event context impact on ED queue states. Experiments conducted on large-scale crowdsensing urban traffic datasets and hospital information system datasets from Xiamen City demonstrate the framework's effectiveness. It achieves an F1 score of 0.93 in ED demand identification, effectively models the ED queue state of key hospitals, and reduces the error in queue state prediction by 18.5%-71.3% compared to baseline methods. CrowdQ, therefore, offers valuable alternatives for public emergency treatment information disclosure and maximized medical resource allocation." https://doi.org/10.1145/36108752023TSTieqi Shou et al.Content Moderation & Platform GovernancePublic Transit & Trip PlanningUbiComp
UQRCom: Underwater Wireless Communication Based on QR Code"While communication in the air has been a norm with the pervasiveness of WiFi and LTE infrastructure, underwater communication still faces a lot of challenges. Even nowadays, the main communication method for divers in underwater environment is hand gesture. There are multiple issues associated with gesture-based communication including limited amount of information and ambiguity. On the other hand, traditional RF-based wireless communication technologies which have achieved great success in the air can hardly work in underwater environment due to the extremely severe attenuation. In this paper, we propose UQRCom, an underwater wireless communication system designed for divers. We design a UQR code which stems from QR code and address the unique challenges in underwater environment such as color cast, contrast reduction and light interfere. With both real-world experiments and simulation, we show that the proposed system can achieve robust real-time communication in underwater environment. For UQR codes with a size of 19.8 cm x 19.8 cm, the communication distance can be 11.2 m and the achieved data rate (6.9 kbps ~ 13.6 kbps) is high enough for voice communication between divers. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3571588"2023XLTieqi Shou et al.Ubiquitous ComputingUbiComp